Closing the Loop from Spine to Brain: Computational Biomarkers for Personalized Pain Neuromodulation

Advances in computational neuroscience, connectomics, brain-computer interfaces, and systems-level understanding of brain function are rapidly changing the landscape of neuromodulation beyond symptom control to precision-guided interventions with the purpose to identify neural biomarkers, map functional brain networks, restore neurological function, and explore the fundamental mechanisms underlying consciousness itself. This plenary session brings together internationally recognized leaders who are redefining the future of neuromodulation across the nervous system. These perspectives will provide a roadmap for the next generation of neuromodulation therapies, where network-level understanding and adaptive technologies converge to deliver more precise, effective, and transformative patient care.